摩西十诫

《圣经》中记载,由于移居到埃及的犹太人劳动勤奋,且擅长贸易,他们积攒了许多财富。这引起了执政者的不满。再加之执政者对于以色列人的恐惧,法老下令杀死新出生的犹太男孩。摩西出生后其母亲为保其性命就取了一个蒲草箱,抹上石漆和石油,将孩子放在里面,把箱子搁在河边的芦荻中。后来被来洗澡的埃及公主发现,带回了宫中。长大后,摩西失手杀死了一名殴打犹太人的士兵,为了躲避法老的追杀,他来到了米甸并娶祭司的女儿西坡拉为妻,生有一子。一日,摩西受到了神的感召,回到埃及,并带领居住在埃及的犹太人,返回故乡。在回乡的路上,摩西得到了神所颁布的《十诫》,即《摩西十诫》。
《摩西十诫》据说是上帝在西奈山的山顶亲自传达给摩西的,是上帝对以色列人的告诫。上帝本人将这些话刻在石碑上,送给摩西。但是,后来摩西看到族人根本不听从这些诫条,一怒之下就将石碑毁了。上帝又命令摩西再制作新的石碑,完成后,放在约柜(Ark of the Covenant)里。
以色列人将约柜看作圣物,放在圣殿里,任何人不得擅自触摸。《圣经》里记载有人因为擅自触摸约柜而被雷击致死。而且,有外人从至圣所的帐门窥望过,发现约柜的上方经常都有云雾积聚。后世的科学家根据这些纪录,推断可能在约柜内放置了一种简单的生物电池,就像在古埃及陵墓发现的那一种。电的积聚使水汽积聚,并使触摸的人触电。
到了公元前590年,新巴比伦王尼布甲尼撒二世攻打犹太国,耶路撒冷在被困3年以后,终于在公元前586年被巴比伦军队攻占,王宫和圣殿全被烧毁,从此,约柜下落不明。刻有十诫的石碑也就找不到了。
摩西生活的年代大约距今3000多年,这样算来,约柜存世的历史大概也就六七百年。
历史的记载可能众说纷纭,一些细节也可能经不起推敲,但是“摩西十诫”作为《圣经》中的基本行为准则,流传了下来,影响深远。它是以色列人一切立法的基础,也是西方文明道德观的核心。

The Ten Commandments(摩西十诫)

  • First
      "I am The Lord your God, Who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. You shall have no other gods before Me."
      (第一条:我是耶和华-你的上帝,曾将你从埃及地为奴之家领出来,除了我之外,你不可有别的神。)
  • Second
      "You shall not make for yourself a graven image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them or serve them; for I The Lord your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate Me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love Me and keep My Commandments."
      (第二条:不可为自己雕刻偶像,也不可做什么形象仿佛上天、下地,和地底下、水中的百物。不可跪拜那些像,也不可事奉它,因为我耶和华-你的上帝是忌邪的上帝。恨我的,我必追讨他的罪,自父及子,直到三四代;爱我、守我戒命的,我必向他们发慈爱,直到千代。)
  • Third
      "You shall not take The Name of The Lord your God in vain; for The Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes His Name in vain."
      (第三条:不可妄称耶和华-你上帝的名;因为妄称耶和华名的,耶和华必不以他为无罪。)
  • Fourth
      "Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor, and do all your work; but the seventh day is a Sabbath to The Lord your God; in it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your manservant, or your maidservant, or your cattle, or the sojourner who is within your gates; for in six days The Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day; therefore The Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it."
      (第四条:当记念安息日,守为圣日。六日要劳碌、做你的工,但第七日是向耶和华-你上帝当守的安息日。这一日你和你的儿女、仆婢、牲畜,并你城里寄居的客旅,无论何工都不可做;因为六日之内,耶和华造天、地、海,和其中的万物,第七日便安息,所以耶和华赐福与安息日,定为圣日。)
  • Fifth
      "Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land which The Lord your God gives you."
      (第五条:当孝敬父母,使你的日子在耶和华-你上帝所赐你的土地上得以长久。)
  • Sixth
      "You shall not kill."
      (第六条:不可杀人。)
  • Seventh
      "You shall not commit adultery."
      (第七条:不可奸淫。)
  • Eighth
      "You shall not steal."
      (第八条:不可偷盗。)
  • Ninth
      "You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor."
      (第九条:不可做假见证陷害人。)
  • Tenth
      "You shall not covet your neighbor’ s house; you shall not covet your neighbor‘ s wife, or his manservant, or his maidservant, or his ox, or his ass, or anything that is your neighbor s."
      (第十条:不可贪恋他人的房屋;也不可贪恋他人的妻子、仆婢、牛驴,并他一切所有的)